eCurrency Central Bank Digital Currency Solution and Thought Leadership in Multimedia

Connect with the House Financial Services Committee Get the latest news: https://financialservices.house.gov/ Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HouseFinancialCmte Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/FSCDems ___________________________________ On Tuesday, June 15, 2021, at 10:00 a.m. (ET) Task Force on Financial Technology Chairman Lynch and Ranking Member Emmer will host a virtual hearing entitled, “Digitizing the Dollar: Investigating the Technological Infrastructure, Privacy, and Financial Inclusion Implications of Central Bank Digital Currencies." - - - - - - - - Witnesses for this one-panel hearing will be: • Mrs. Carmelle Cadet, Founder and CEO, EMTECH • Mr. Jonathan Dharmapalan, Founder and CEO, eCurrency • Mr. Rohan Grey, Assistant Professor of Law, Willamette University • Dr. Neha Narula, Director of the Digital Currency Initiative, MIT Media Lab • Dr. Jenny Gesley, Foreign Law Specialist, Library of Congress Overview Traditional electronic payment systems are electronic representations of fiat currency and require a network of financial intermediaries who maintain accurate ledgers. Since 2008, a new digital asset class that uses cryptography and distributed ledger technology (DLT) has gained prominence and value in the global economy. These digital assets, often called cryptocurrencies, usually require no centralized intermediary to buy, sell, or exchange since the ledgers are public, mathematically verified, and stored on a distributed network of computers. However, the rise of decentralized cryptocurrencies and private digital currencies has helped spur debate around the concept of a central bank digital currency (CBDC), which would be issued by a government’s central bank – such as the Federal Reserve System (Fed) – and would replicate some features of cryptocurrencies. A CBDC is generally considered a digital payment instrument that is a direct liability of a central bank, but since implementation is, by definition, left to each sovereign state, CBDC designs will inevitably vary. In response to rapid innovation in digital assets across the globe, the Fed, the central banking system of the U.S., has shown greater involvement and interest over the past several years, as demonstrated by the launch of a multi-year collaboration between the Boston Fed and MIT to code and test a hypothetical CBDC. This hearing will explore CBDC’s potential design trade-offs of various technological infrastructures and examine consumer privacy implications and the potential for increased financial inclusion. Current State of CBDCs in the U.S. The Fed has played a lead role in the research of a potential U.S.-issued CBDC. Fed Governor Lael Brainard credits four growing developments with CBDCs: “the growing role of digital private money, the migration to digital payments, plans for the use of foreign CBDCs in cross-border payments, and concerns about financial exclusion.” Although in late 2019, the Fed stated that it was not developing a CBDC but would be analyzing potential benefits and costs as well as legal issues, by August 2020, the Fed announced two initiatives to explore the technical challenges of supporting a CBDC. Project Hamilton, announced in 2020, is a multi-year collaboration between the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to code and test new technologies that could support the speed, security, privacy, and resiliency required of a hypothetical CBDC. Project Hamilton plans to release a white paper update in the third quarter of 2021 on any hypothetical digital currency platform, with any computer code utilized in the research to be released under an open source license. This open source license will allow the public to engage, review, and modify the experimental research software used in creating a possible CBDC. This research will also include a comparative analysis of existing and developmental private-sector and open source platforms.10 The second initiative directs the Fed’s Technology Lab, a multidisciplinary team who are experts in payments, economics, law, information technology, and computer science, to explore CBDC policy issues. Additionally, Fed Chair Jerome Powell announced in May 2021 that the Fed plans to publish a discussion paper for public comment in summer 2021 focused on CBDC benefits and risks. In his announcement, Chair Powell made clear that “any potential CBDC could serve as a complement to, and not a replacement of, cash and current private-sector digital forms of the dollar, such as deposits at commercial banks.” Current State of CBDCs in the Global Context Many governments are researching, testing, preparing to launch, or have launched pilot CBDCs. While China was one of the first large markets to formally start investigating CBDCs in 2014, after private companies such as Facebook proposed their own... Hearing page: https://financialservices.house.gov/calendar/eventsingle.aspx?EventID=407953

EPISODE SUMMARY What would a cashless India and world look like? Jonathan Dharmapalan joins Carnegie India's Rajesh Bansal to shed light on Central Bank Digital Currencies, which are meant to act as a replacement for cash. Together, they unpack what digital currencies are, and how they could affect the way we transact. EPISODE NOTES What would a cashless India and world look like? Jonathan Dharmapalan joins Carnegie India's Rajesh Bansal to shed light on Central Bank Digital Currencies, which are meant to act as a replacement for cash. Together, they unpack what digital currencies are, and how they could affect the way we transact. As founder and CEO of eCurrency, Jonathan Dharmapalan provides technology solutions to central banks to issue digital currencies. Rajesh Bansal leads Carnegie India's Tech & Society program to find ways in which digital financial technologies can be made more inclusive. Further Reading: Govt can ban Bitcoin but for ‘digital rupee’ to succeed, India has to do a lot by Rajesh Bansal and Prateek Jha : https://theprint.in/opinion/govt-can-...​ Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures by Bank of International Settlements : https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d174.pdf

Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies as an alternative to physical cash is an enticing prospect for many countries; it would significantly reduce costs associated with printing money, ensure the general public has access to central bank issued currency, and could counter illegal acts such as money laundering. However, the most crucial characteristic of cash is the trust that the public has in it. Despite the potential benefits, it is not clear if CBDC will, in fact, replace cash. In the face of this challenge, how can CBDC garner the trust that cash holds? What design elements can ensure that it is accepted widely? Speakers: Hanna Armelius, Senior Advisor, Payments Department, Analysis and Policy Division, Sveriges Riksbank Jonathan Dharmapalan, Chief Executive Officer, eCurrency Neha Narula, Director, Digital Currency Initiative, MIT Media Lab Scott Hendry, Senior Special Director, Financial Technology (FinTech) at Bank of Canada Moderator: Rajesh Bansal, Senior Advisor, Technology & Society Program, Carnegie India

The Central Bank of the Future: Building a Financial System for a More Inclusive Economy - Day 2

Xiaochen Zhang, Thomas Kudrycki, Raul Morales Resendiz, Dr. Jiaying Christine, Stefan Andjelic

Mitch Cohen, Chief Security Officer, eCurrency, presents central bank digital currency powered by eCurrency technology at the Future of Cash conference in Athens Greece, February 2019

Focus Group on Digital Currency including Digital Fiat Currency (Second Meeting:18-20 July 2018 New York)